Da-rTle  I 


Ci'h  I V)du 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH 


MISSIONS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


CHINA, 


Rev.  S.  C.  BARTLETT,  D.  D. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  BOARD 
33  Pemberton  Square. 

1 8 7 2. 


BAKTLETT’S  SKETCHES  OP  THE  MISSIONS 

Are  Published  Collectively,  in  a neat  Volume  of 


233  Pages: 

CONTENTS. 

I.  The  Origin  of  the  American  Board. 

II.  Missions  in  India.  . 

III.  Missions  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  Micronesia, 
and  Marquesas. 

IV.  Missions  in  Turkey. 

V.  The  Mission  in  Syria. 

VI.  Missions  in  China. 

VII.  The  Mission  to  Persia. 

VIII.  Missions  in  Africa. 

IX.  Missions  among  the  North  American  Indians. 

X.  Missions  among  the  North  American  Indians. 

Continued. — The  Dakotas. 

, . APPENDIX. 

Statistics  of  the  Missions  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 

Statistics  of  Missions  recently  transferred  to  the  Pres- 
byterian BoarA-Of  Missions. 

Statistics  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  Churches. 

Missionaries  of  the  Board. 

Foreign  Missionary  Statistics  of  the  Protestant 
Churches  throughout  the  World. 

The  price  of  this  Volume  is  75  cents.  Orders  maybe  sent 
to  Mr.  Charles  Hutchens,  Missionary  House,  Boston,  or 
to  Rev.  S.  J.  Humphrey,  84  Washington  Street,  Chicago, 
Illinois,  and  the  book  will  be  sent  by  mail,  postage  paid,  on 
receipt  of  the  price. 


BARTLETT’S  SKETCHES. 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 

Few  minds  comprehend  the  greatness  of  China,  past, 
present,  or  prospective.  "When  we  utter  those  two  short 
syllables,  we  mention  one  third  of  the  human  family ; 
and  each  letter  of  that  word  stands  for  nearly  a hundred 
million  souls. 

Every  aspect  of  the  empire  is  colossal.  Huge  moun- 
tain masses  of  immense  altitude  inclose  it  on  the  west, 
and  shoot  through  the  country  their  two  long  ranges  so 
high  that  the  great  road  from  Canton  to  Pekin  winds 
through  a pass  eight  thousand  feet  above  the  ocean. 
Vast  basins  of  land  lying  between  and  among  these 
mountain  ranges  are  fertilized  and  commercially  inter- 
woven by  great  navigable  streams,  the  chief  of  which  are 
the  Hoang-ho,  more  than  two  thousand  miles  in  length, 
and  the  Yang-tse  Kiang,  near  three  thousand  miles  long, 
ascended  four  hundred  miles  by  the  tide,  and  bearing 
myriads  of  barges  and  boats  back  and  forth  on  its  placid 
waters.  Each  of  these,  and  other  great  rivers,  are  only 
the  central  threads  of  great  networks  of  navigable  streams, 
which  render  the  empire,  pre-eminent  among  the  nations, 
in  facilities  for  internal  trade.  Meanwhile  the  wide  ex- 
tent and  varied  surface  of  the  country,  stretching  through 
thirty-eight  degrees  of  latitude  and  seventy-four  of  longi- 
tude, give  rise  to  almost  every  kind  of  climate,  and  admit 
L 1 


2 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


of  almost  every  species  of  vegetable  production  ; and  the 
numerous  rivers  are  remarkable  for  the  abundance  and 
variety  of  their  fish.  One  tenth  of  the  population  derive 
their  food  from  the  waters.  Nature  has  bestowed  on  China 
certain  peculiar  treasures  and  sources  of  immense  profit 
in  the  tea-plant,  the  camphor-tree,  the  sugar-cane,  the 
bamboo,  of  endless  uses,  indigo,  cotton,  rhubarb,  the  var- 
nish tree,  and  in  the  silk-worm,  which  is  indigeuous,  and 
abounds  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  The  mineral  re- 
sources are  ample  — gold,  silver,  zinc,  lead,  and  tin  in 
considerable  quantities,  exteusive  mines  of  quicksilver, 
with  iron  and  copper  in  great  abundance.  Porcelain 
clay  is  found  in  great  deposits,  and  immense  stores  of 
coal,  bituminous  and  anthracite,  and,  in  short,  almost 
every  mineral  production  requisite  for  the  complete  sup- 
ply of  the  empire.  Not  even  our  own  country  has  an 
area  more  directly  fitted  and  furnished  by  nature  for  a 
great  concentric  empire,  with  all  its  resources  at  home, 
than  this  grand  Asiatic  regiou. 

In  many  respects  the  development  of  the  empire  has 
been  proportionate  to  its  resources.  The  almost  uu- 
equaled  facilities  for  internal  traffic  afforded  by  its  great 
river  systems  are  increased  by  four  hundred  canals, 
greater  in  extent,  possibly,  than  those  of  all  other  na- 
tions together,  the  longest  of  which  was  constructed  six 
hundred  years  ago,  and  is  twice  the  length  of  the  Erie 
Canal.  The  most  titanic  work  of  defense  ever  erected 
by  man  is  that  famous  wall,  from  fifteen  to  thirty  feet  iu 
height,  fifteen  feet  broad  at  the  tpp,  and  fifteen  hundred 
miles  in  length,  built  so  long  ago  that  the  centuries  of  its 
age  are  more  by  five  than  the  hundreds  of  miles  of  its 
length.  The  agriculture  of  China  has  been  carried  out 
on  such  a system  as  to  utilize  every  kind  and  particle  of 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


3 


refuse,  and  to  maintain  a density  of  population,  in  some 
of  its  provinces,  — Kiang-ke,  for  example,  — three  times 
as  great  as  the  average  of  England,  and  more  than  twice 
that  even  of  Belgium. 

Those  four  or  five  hundred  millions  have  been  accumu- 
lating and  toiling  there  for  ages.  Old  England  is  an 
infant  in  the  presence  of  China.  Passing  its  fabulous 
era,  the  curtain  of  history  rises  two  thousand  years  before 
Christ,  and  discloses  already  an  elective  monarchy  ; and 
the  eye  wearies  with  reading  the  names  and  the  exact 
dates  of  fifty-eight  monarchs,  from  Ta-yu  to  Yew-wang, 
who  reigned  on  the  Yaug-tse  Iviaug  before  Romulus  had 
sucked  his  “wolf’s  milk”  on  the  bauks  of  the  Tiber. 
The  empire  boasts  a hoary  civilization  too,  which,  if 
never  quickened  by  the  true  religion,  has  yet  accumulated 
splendid  trophies.  Its  perfection  of  agriculture  and  its 
marvelous  industry  challenge  our  admiration.  Many  of 
its  great  canals  are  two  thousand  years  old.  From  time 
immemorial  the  nation  have  been  manufacturers  of  silks. 
Wood-engraving  and  stereotype  printing  are  at  least  five 
hundred  years  older  in  China  than  the  time  of  Gutenberg 
and  Faust  in  Germany.  The  earliest  Christian  mission- 
aries found  here  the  magnetic  needle.  Gunpowder  was 
in  use  at  a remote  antiquity,  and  the  Tartars  in  the 
twelfth  century  learned  here  the  use  of  guns  and  swords, 
and  thence,  perhaps,  conveyed  the  knowledge  of  artillery 
to  Europe.  Seventeen  hundred  years  ago  the  Chinese  were 
using  paper ; they  had  a lexicon  of  their  language,  that 
is  still  reckoned  amoDg  their  standards  ; and  the  imperial 
library  numbered  eighty  thousand  volumes,  two  thirds  of 
them  “ancient”  then. 

One  honorable  mark  of  the  pervasive  civilization  of 
China  is  found  in  the  W'ide  diffusion  and  high  estimate 


4 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSION'S. 


of  education.  Distinction  in  public  life  can  be  attained 
only  on  condition  of  scholarship,  tested  by  rigid  ex- 
aminations. The  kuoxvledge  of  reading,  writing,  and 
arithmetic  is  with  the  men  almost  universal ; so  that 
even  the  peasantry  can  keep  their  accounts,  conduct  their 
correspondence,  and  read  the  proclamations  of  the  man- 
darins. In  the  southern  provinces,  especially,  every 
village  has  its  school,  fouuded  and  supported  by  the  vil- 
lages themselves.  To  the  foreign  visitor  the  school-room 
seems  a young  bedlam,  for  the  children  study  rocking 
themselves  backward  and  forward,  and  chanting  the 
lesson,  often  indeed  bawling  it  at  the  top  of  their  voices. 
In  the  midst  of  the  hubbub  sits  the  master,  listening  and 
correcting ; and  when  each  pupil  has  thoroughly  rocked 
and  screamed  his  lesson  over  to  himself,  he  presents  him- 
self to  the  teacher  with  a low  bow,  and  “ backs  his  book,” 
that  is,  he  turns  his  back  and  repeats  his  lesson.  Aud  it 
marks  the  old  and  stereotyped  character  of  the  civiliza- 
tion, that  the  children  learn  largely  the  ancient  writings 
of  Mencius  and  Confucius,  committed  in  parrot  style  to 
memory.  The  peculiarities  of  the  nation  have  been  in- 
tensified by  its  inner  completeness  and  outward  seclusion. 
Shut  off  from  the  wave  of  western  conquest  by  the 
mountains  of  Thibet,  enveloped  by  inhospitable  plains  on 
the  north,  withdrawn  from  commerce  by  the  breadth  of 
the  Pacific,  and  intrenched  within  her  own  exclusive 
policy,  she  knew  for  ages  only  the  weaker  nations  aud 
roving  tribes  upon  her  borders.  Consequently,  until 
within  these  last  few  years  the  national  conceit  has  been 
insufferable  and  insuperable.  The  emperor  was  the 
“Son  of  Heaven,”  sitting  on  the  “Dragon  Throne,” 
and  signing  decrees  with  the  “ vermilion  peucil ; ” and 
his  empire  was  the  “ Middle  Kingdom,”  the  “ Iuuer 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


5 


Land,”  and  the  “ Flowery  Country.”  Their  map  of  the 
world  gave  nine  tenths  of  its  space  to  China,  and  to  Eng- 
land a spot  as  large  as  a thumb-nail,  while  our  country 
was  nowhere.  The  government  documents  designated 
foreigners  as  “ barbarians,”  and  the  common  people  in 
many  parts  of  the  empire  called  them  “ foreign  devils.” 

So  diverse  have  been  all  their  customs  from  our  own, 
as  to  place  a barrier  between  us  from  the  outset.  “ We 
read  horizontally,  they  perpendicularly  ; and  the  columns 
run  from  right  to  left.  We  uncover  the  head  as  a mark 
of  respect,  they  put  on  their  caps.  We  black  our  boots, 
they  whitewash  them.  We  give  the  place  of  honor  on 
the  right,  they  on  the  left.  We  say  the  needle  points  to 
the  north,  they  to  the  south.  We  shake  the  hand  of  a 
friend  in  salutation,  they  shake  their  own.  We  locate  the 
understanding  in  the  brain,  they  in  the  belly.  We  place 
our  foot-notes  at  the  bottom  of  the  page,  they  at  the  top. 
In  our  libraries  we  set  our  books  up,  they  lay  theirs  down. 
We  now  turn  thousands  of  spindles  and  ply  hundreds  of 
shuttles  without  a single  hand  to  propel,  they  employ  a 
hand  for  each.” 

But  the  most  singular  thing  of  all,  perhaps,  is  the  lan- 
guage. Some  have  said  it  was  specially  invented  by  the 
devil  to  exclude  Christianity.  The  fundamental  concep- 
tion of  it  is  difficult  for  a foreigner  to  grasp.  It  is  chiefly 
monosyllabic,  having  no  other  letters  or  words  than  syl- 
lables. In  one  respect  it  is  as  colossal  as  the  nation  — 
in  the  number  of  its  characters.  Every  character  is  the 
name  of  a thing.  An  immense  number  of  seemingly 
arbitrary  signs  is  therefore  to  be  mastered.  The  labor 
is  alleviated,  however,  by  the  fact  that  there  are  certain 
root  words,  variously  estimated  at  from  three  hundred 
and  fifteen  to  four  thousand,  and  some  two  hundred  and 


6 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


fourteen  symbolic  characters,  entering  into,  classifying, 
and  characterizing  the  various  combinations  of  signs. 
The  number  of  words  contained  in  the  official  dictionary 
is  forty-three  thousand  five  hundred,  and  other  authorities 
reckon  as  many  more.  But  the  missionary  Doolittle 
affirms  that  a knowledge  of  three  or  four  thousand  char- 
acters is  sufficient  for  the  reading  of  most  books.  The 
characters  become  so  complicated  in  form  that  one  re- 
markable specimen  is  made  by  fifty-two  strokes  of  the 
pen.  The  language  is  still  further  complicated  by  the 
tones  and  inflections,  which  vary  the  meaning  of  the  char- 
acters, and  by  the  diversity  of  form  and  signification  often 
attached  to  words  identical  in  sound.  The  missionaries 
have  found  themselves  greatly  embarrassed,  too,  by  the 
utter  earthliness  of  the  language.  Among  all  its  forty 
thousand  words,  rankly  luxuriant  in  all  the  expressions 
for  hateful  passions  and  groveling  vices,  there  was  no 
suitable  phraseology  to  describe  one  of  the  graces  of  the 
Spirit ; and  it  was  for  half  a century  a matter  of  grave 
discussion  what  should  be  the  proper  name  of  God. 

Difficult  as  the  language  confessedly  is,  the  difficulty 
has,  no  doubt,  been  greatly  magnified.  It  is  one  which 
for  ages  past  has  been  constantly  surmounted  by  these 
countless  millions  themselves ; it  is  one  which  Dr.  Milue 
overcame  so  readily  as  to  publish  an  address  in  Chinese 
within  a twelvemonth  after  he  entered  the  field.  And 
the  labor  of  acquisition  is  more  than  counterbalanced  by 
the  breadth  of  utterance.  For  though  there  are  numer- 
ous spoken  dialects,  mutually  unintelligible,  the  written 
language  of  this  vast  empire  is  one.  And  the  weary 
translator,  toiling  at  his  task,  may  cheer  himself  with  the 
thought  that  every  verse  he  painfully  prepares  can  speak 
in  God’s  name  to  any  one  of  four  hundred  million  souls. 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


7 


The  labor  was  lightened,  too,  from  the  beginning,  by  the 
fact  that  the  missionary  needed  no  outlay  for  types, 
presses,  and  printing  offices  with  foreign  printers  and 
binders,  but  had  only  to  give  his  manuscript  to  a China- 
man, and  receive  back  his  book  all  printed,  and  bound, 
and  ready  for  circulation. 

China  has  been  called  the  Gibraltar  of  heathenism. 
In  some  respects  the  statement  is  true.  The  complica- 
tion of  the  language  is,  after  all,  but  a trivial  barrier,  for 
it  can  be  as  well  surmounted  for  the  cause  of  Christ  as 
for  every  earthly  purpose.  We  long  had  a grand  obstacle 
in  the  overweening  vanity  and  singular  exclusiveness  of 
the  nation  ; but  the  collisions  with  England  and  France, 
twelve  years  ago,  have  shaken  these  to  their  centre. 
There  still  remains  the  wonderful  tenacity  with  which 
the  natiou  identifies  itself  with  the  past  and  clings  to  its 
time-honored  institutions,  and  especially  the  mighty  hold 
which  Confucius  has  upon  their  reverence  and  actual 
adoration.  Considering  the  number  of  centuries  since 
his  death  — twenty-three  — and  the  multitudes  of  men 
who  have  ever  since  chosen  him  for  their  great  light,  no 
man  has  ever  carried  so  wide  an  influence.  Said  two  old 
men  of  Shantung,  refusing  a religious  tract,  “ We  have 
seen  your  books,  and  do  not  want  them.  In  the  instruc- 
tions of  our  sage  we  have  sufficient.”  They  only  gave 
voice  to  the  hereditary  feeling.  Those  doctrines,  at  their 
best  estate,  are  but  a self-sufficient  morality.  Another 
powerful  obstacle  to  the  true  religion  is  the  worship  paid 
to  deceased  ancestors.  It  has  its  regular  services  and 
set  times  in  every  household ; is  established  by  universal 
custom,  compulsory  by  public  sentiment,  and,  if  neglected, 
enforceable  by  law.  When  we  consider  how  deep  are 
the  sentiments  of  human  nature  on  which  it  lays  hold, 


8 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


we  can  easily  see  how  firm  that  hold  must  be.  The 
nation  is  also  trained  from  childhood  to  the  practice  of 
innumerable  other  idolatrous  ceremonies,  till  they  have 
become  a network  in  which  the  whole  life  is  woven. 
These  idolatries  are  supported  at  enormous  expense.  A 
missionary  who  had  made  careful  inquiry  through  the 
district  of  Shanghai,  and  estimated  the  empire  on  the 
same  scale,  computed  the  annual  expenditures  of  Chinese 
idolatry  at  the  almost  increditable  sum  of  one  hundred 
and  eighty  millions  of  dollars.  Surely  there  is  some 
money-power  in  China  arrayed  against  the  annual  half  a 
million  of  the  American  Board,  expended  on  the  world. 

But  perhaps  neither  Confucianism,  Tauism,  nor  Bud- 
dhism, — the  three  chief  forms  of  religion,  — offer  obsta- 
cles so  great  as  the  character  and  habits  of  the  nation. 
Under  a calm  and  courteous  exterior,  foreigners  have 
found  them  cunning  and  corrupt,  treacherous  and  vin- 
dictive. Gambling  and  drunkenness,  though  abuudantly 
prevalent,  are  far  outstripped  by  their  licentiousness, 
which  taints  the  language  with  its  leprosy,  ofteu  deco- 
rates the  walls  of  their  inns  with  the  foulest  of  scenes,  by 
them  called  “ flowers,”  and  lurks  beneath  a thin  Chinese 
lacker  as  a deep  dead-rot  in  society.  Said  Dr.  Bridg- 
man, after  sixteen  years’  labor  among  them,  — and  Mr. 
Johnson,  with  a still  longer  experience,  confirmed  his 
words,  — “ The  longer  I live  in  this  country,  the  more  do 
I see  of  the  wickedness  of  this  people.  All  that  Paul  said 
of  the  ancient  heathen  is  true  of  the  Chiuese,  and  true  to 
an  extent  that  is  dreadful.  Their  inmost  soul,  their  very 
conscience,  seems  to  be  seared,  dead  — so  insensible  that 
they  are,  as  regards  a future  life,  like  the  beasts  that 
perish.  No  painting,  no  imagination,  can  portray  and 
lay  before  the  Christian  world  the  awful  sins,  the  horri- 
ble abomiuations,  that  fill  the  land.” 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


9 


Associated  with  all  this  corruption  is  the  deepest 
degradation  of  woman.  From  the  cradle  to  the  grave 
her  life  is  one  long-drawn  woe.  Her  birth  is  a disgrace 
and  a burden  to  the  family  ; and  infanticide  of  females 
accordingly  prevails  to  a shocking  extent.  In  forty 
towns  around  Amoy,  Mr.  Abeel  found  that  two  fifths  of 
the  girls  were  destroyed  in  their  infancy  ; and  intelligent 
Chinese  informed  Mr.  Doolittle  that  probably  more  than 
half  the  families  of  the  great  city  of  Foo  Chow  have 
destroyed  one  or  more  of  their  daughters  — drowned  in 
tubs,  thrown  into  streams,  and  buried  alive,  commonly 
by  the  father.  Sometimes  they  are  exposed,  sometimes 
sold  in  infancy  for  slaves  or  for  wives.  A girl  of  one 
year  will  briug  two  dollars,  and  each  additional  year,  till 
she  is  old  enough  to  work  and  be  more  valuable,  two 
dollars  more.  If  spared  alive  at  home,  she  is  but  a 
menial ; taught  to  work,  but  not  to  read  or  write.  She 
is  sold  in  marriage  to  some  man  whom  she  never  sees 
till  the  wedding  day  — a man  with  whom  she  never  eats, 
who  holds  and  uses  the  right  to  starve  her,  beat  her,  or 
to  sell  her  permanently  or  transiently  to  some  other  man, 
or  in  due  time  to  place  another  wife  by  her  side.  From 
the  prolonged  curse  of  life  not  seldom  she  escapes  by 
suicide.  Said  the  Mandarin  Ting  to  the  French  traveler 
Hue,  folding  his  arms,  and  stepping  back  a pace  or  two, 
“Women  have  no  souls.”  And  when  it  was  insisted 
and  argued  that  they  had,  he  laughed  long  and  loud  at 
the  thought.  “ When  I get  home  I will  tell  my  wife  she 
has  a soul.  She  will  be  astonished,  I think.”  Does  not 
one  mighty  wail  sweep  over  the  waters  of  the  Pacific,  and 
sound  day  aud  night  in  the  ears  of  the  wives,  mothers,  and 
daughters  of  this  country,  beseeching  them  to  go  and  to  send 
to  the  rescue  of  these  their  degraded,  suffering  sisters  ? 


10 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


One  other  obstacle  only  shall  be  mentioned  — the  use 
of  opium.  Perhaps  it  is  the  most  formidable  of  all. 
Two  names  deserve  to  be  handed  down  to  infamy : those 
of  Vice-President  Wheeler  and  Colonel  Watson,  of  the 
British  East  India  Company,  who,  in  the  beginning  of 
this  century,  conceived  the  deplorable  thought  of  sending 
the  opium  of  Bengal  into  China.  Even  the  heathen  em- 
pire roused  itself  at  length,  and  nobly  struggled  hard  to 
eject  the  horrid  gift,  — this  Pandora’s  box,  — but  the 
British  government,  in  1840,  forced  it  back  at  the  can- 
non’s mouth.  The  effect  has  been  hideous  beyond  de- 
scription. The  physical,  social,  and  moral  evils  with 
which  it  is  steadily  flooding  the  nation,  in  its  lava-like 
course,  no  tongue  can  tell.  The  Chinese  grow  excited 
when  they  speak  of  it ; and  the  missionaries,  with  one 
voice,  declare  it  to  be,  next  to  native  depravity,  the  most 
dreadful  barrier  to  the  progress-  of  the  gospel.  Surely 
Christendom  owes  China  the  gospel  with  a fearful  force 
of  obligation. 

No  doubt  the  difficulties  are  great.  But  the  motive, 
and  the  moving  power,  are  greater  far.  Here  is  a huge 
prize  for  the  Lord  of  Hosts.  If  China  has  been  thought 
the  Gibraltar,  it  may  yet  become  the  Waterloo,  of  hea- 
thendom. Long  ago  Christian  eyes  were  turned  to  the 
shining  mark.  Twelve  centuries  ago  the  Xestorian 
Church,  in  her  palmy  days,  planted  churches  in  China, 
which,  after  various  successes  and  reverses,  were  crushed 
by  the  heel  of  Genghis  Khan,  overrun  by  the  victorious 
march  of  the  Mohammedan  princes,  aud  forcibly  obliter- 
ated by  the  dynasty  of  Ming.  In  the  thirteenth  century 
Rome  came  here  with  an  archbishop,  seven  assistant 
bishops,  and  a train  of  missionaries.  Again  she  returned 
in  1581,  in  Jesuit  disguise,  led  by  one  Ricci,  of  whom  a 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


11 


Catholic  writer  thus  speaks  : “ The  kings  found  in  him  a 
man  full  of  complaisance ; the  pagans  a minister  who 
accommodated  himself  to  their  superstitions  ; the  Man- 
darins a polite  courtier,  skilled  in  all  the  courts  ; and  the 
devil  a faithful  servant,  who,  far  from  destroying,  estab- 
lished his  reign  among  the  people,  and  even  extended  it 
to  the  Christians.”  Since  that  time,  by  the  customary 
superficial  methods,  which  in  China  do  not  include  the 
distribution  of  the  Scriptures,  and  very  seldom  the  ability 
to  preach  intelligibly,  the  Papacy  has  prosecuted  its  work, 
till  in  China  proper  it  now  boasts  of  twenty  bishops,  four 
hundred  and  seventy  priests  (half  of  them  natives),  and 
three  hundred  and  sixty  thousand  converts,  or  baptized 
persons.  . 

The  father  of  Protestant  missions  in  China  was  Rev. 
Robert  Morrison  — a man  who  had  prepared  for  the 
Divinity  School,  at  Hoxton,  by  studying  between  the 
hours  of  seven  at  night  and  six  in  the  morning,  making 
boot-trees  during  the  day.  With  a burning  desire  to 
preach  to  the  heathen,  he  broke  away  from  the  dissua- 
sions of  his  friends  and  the  tears  of  his  father,  to  this 
dark  land.  Under  the  charge  of  the  London  Missionary 
Society,  aud  with  a letter  from  James  Madison  to  the 
American  Consul  at  Canton,  he,  in  1807,  found  his  way 
in  that  city  to  the  ware-rooms  of  a New  York  merchant, 
where,  in  the  native  costume,  with  long  nails  and  cue, 
he  ate,  slept,  lived,  and  studied  by  day,  and,  with  his 
small  brown  earthen  lamp,  by  night,  praying  his  daily 
prayers  in  broken  Chinese.  After  seven  long  years,  he 
gave  the  natives  the  New  Testament  entire,  and  baptized 
his  first  convert  from  a little  spring  gushing  from  the 
hill-side  by  the  sea,  in  utter  solitude.  Iu  that  same  year 
he  was  joined  by  the  noble  William  Milne,  who  had 


12 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSION’S. 


sprung  from  a Scotch  peasant’s  home  ; at  the  age  of  six- 
teen bad  spent  whole  evenings  at  prayer  in  a sheep-cote, 
kneeling  on  a bit  of  turf  that  he  carried  with  him  ; at 
twenty  had  consecrated  himself  to  the  mission  work ; 
then  spent  five  years  in  providing  for  his  sisters  aud 
widowed  mother  ; told  the  committee-man,  who  objected 
to'  his  rustic  appearance,  that  he  was  ready  to  go  as  a 
hewer  of  wood  aud  a drawer  of  water,  so  that  he  might 
be  in  the  work,  and  in  a year  from  his  arrival  was  pub- 
lishing a Chinese  address.  Three  years  later,  Morrison 
and  Milne  issued  the  whole  of  the  Scriptures,  — a work 
which,  in  her  hundreds  of  years  of  occupancy,  the  Rom- 
ish Church  never  did  nor  attempted.  Other  translations 
have  since  been  published,  — the  New  Testament,  in 
Mandarin  colloquial,  quite  recently,  at  Peking.  Morrison 
and  Milne  were  feebly  reenforced  from  home,  and  after 
almost  a quarter  of  a century,  their  earnest  call  — which 
proved  to  be  Milne’s  dying  call  — reached  America.  It 
was  then  (1829)  that  the  American  Board  began  its  work 
in  the  persons  of  the  excellent  Bridgman  and  Abeel,  fol- 
lowed in  succession  by  other  noble  men  and  women,  some 
of  whom  have  also  followed  them  to  heaven,  in  firm  faith 
of  the  sure  harvest  in  due  season.  Among  earlier  mem- 
bers of  the  mission  were  Williams,  Parker,  Doty,  Pohl- 
man,  Ball,  Peet,  Bonney,  and  other  honored  names.  The 
Board  is  at  present  represented  in  China  by  thirty-nine 
Americans,  male  and  female,  who,  with  their  native 
preachers  and  helpers,  occupy  some  seven  stations,  aud 
fifteen  out-stations,  where  they  have  organized  eleven 
small  churches.  Other  Protestant  Boards  have  followed 
them,  until,  according  to  a recent  statement  prepared  at 
Tientsin,  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  [ordained]  mis- 
sionaries are  now  in  the  field,  who,  with  their  wives. 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


13 


other  helpers,  and  native  preachers  and  assistants,  occupy 
some  twenty-six  principal  points  and  adjacent  stations. 
Morrison’s,  Marshman’s,  Gutzlaff’s,  and  Medhurst’s 
translations  of  the  Bible,  and  other  versions,  or  partial 
versions,  have  been  issued,  together  with  some  eight 
hundred  different  tracts  and  books,  many  of  which  have 
been  widely  circulated.  Many  churches  have  been  or- 
ganized ; most  of  them  small,  although  three  of  those 
belonging  to  the  Reformed  Church  at  Amoy  together 
number  three  hundred  and  seventy-seven  communicants. 
Already  native  pastors  are  at  the  head  of  some  of  these 
churches,  while  many  native  evangelists  are  preaching 
the  gospel  to  their  countrymen.  The  number  of  converts 
was  given,  two  years  ago,  by  Mr.  Williams,  Secretary 
of  Legation  at  Peking,  as  several  thousand. 

But  the  history  of  missions  in  China  is  a history  still 
of  the  future ; let  us  hope  of  the  near  future,  aud  a 
glorious  history.  For  “ what  are  these  am^ng  so  many” 
— one  missionary  to  three  or  four  millions  of  people? 
They  stand  oppressed  before  the  greatness  of  the  work, 
and  the  magnificence  of  the  opportunity,  amid  the  won- 
derful renaissance  that  is  sweeping  over  China.  Mr. 
Chapin  wrote  from  Tientsin,  in  1867 : “Would  that  we 
had  a hundred  men  full  of  faith,  and  zeal,  and  love. 
Where  is  there  such  a field?  I wonder  that  the  hearts 
of  the  pious  and  enterprising  youth  of  our  country  are 
not  so  stirred  up,  in  view  of  the  glorious  service,  as  to 
lead  thousands  of  them  to  present  themselves  to  the 
Board,  and  beg  to  be  sent  forth  on  this  holy,  joyous 
mission.” 

It  is,  indeed,  a future  of  glorious  hope  and  possibilities. 
Great  as  are  the  obstacles,  the  power  of  the  gospel  has 
shown  itself  greater,  and  some  of  the  very  obstacles  may 
M 


14 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


yet  throw  their  enormous  weight  upon  its  side.  The 
Holy  Spirit  has  proved  his  ability  to  pierce  the  worldly 
and  sensual  Chinese  heart. 

Tsae  A-ke,  that  first  convert  whom  Morrison  baptized 
in  the  solitude  of  the  sea-shore,  proved  faithful  unto 
death,  aud  many  others  have  proved,  also,  faithful  iu  life, 
till  now  that  solitary  believer  is  represented  by  several 
thousand,  many  of  whom  are  faithful  preachers  of  the 
word.  The  Missionary  Herald  recently  informed  us  of 
a young  Chinese  merchant  in  Hawaii,  who  has  left  his 
business  to  labor  for  Christ  amoug  his  countrymen  upon 
those  islands.  A gentleman  iu  manuer  aud  character, 
he  speaks  English,  Hawaiian,  aud  six  dialects  of  the 
Chinese,  and  preaches  with  fervor  aud  with  power ; and 
his  countrymen  there  are  abandoning  their  idolatry,  and 
predicting  the  speedy  prevalence  of  Christianity  through 
their  native  empire. 

God  has,  indeed,  wrought  w'onders  since  that  time,  — 
not  a generation  gone  by,  — when  the  whole  foreign  in- 
tercourse of  the  empire  was  concentrated  in  the  Iloug 
merchants  of  Canton.  The  opium  war  closed,  iu  1842, 
by  unlocking  five  other  ports  to  open  commerce.  The 
war  with  Frauce  and  England,  ending  in  1860,  did  still 
greater  things.  It  reversed  the  policy  of  the  empire. 
When  the  foreign  armies  steadily  advanced  toward  Pe- 
king, storming  every  fort  on  the  way  till  they  had  burned 
the  summer  palace,  and  invested  the  capital,  the  treach- 
erous Emperor  fled  to  Tartary,  the  national  vanity  and 
obstinacy  broke  down  together,  aud  a new  day  dawned 
on  China.  Not  only  are  eighteen  ports  now  open  to 
trade,  but  the  empire  is  free  to  foreign  travel  and  teach- 
ing, with  the  definite  pledge  of  toleration  to  Christianity, 
aud  of  protection  to  its  missionaries.  The  government 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


15 


lias  at  length  learned,  by  hard  experience,  thoroughly  to 
respect  and  desire  the  civilization  of  the  West.  Chinese 
troops  have  beeu  drilled  in  foreign  tactics  on  the  very 
battle-grounds  where  they  had  been  defeated  within  the 
year.  The  Viceroy  of  the  Fukien  and  Chekiang  prov- 
inces is  building  gun-boats  by  the  aid  of  French  ship- 
builders, aud  is  training  thirty  young  men  to  learn  the, 
French  language  and  the  art  of  ship-building,  and  as 
many  more  to  learn  the  English  aud  the  art  of  naviga- 
tion. Wheaton’s  Law  of  Nations  has,  by  order  of  the 
government,  been  translated  aud  distributed  to  the  officials 
of  the  empire  ; and  so  well  has  it  been  conned,  that,  in  a 
recent  difficulty  of  the  Prussian  Minister  with  the  au- 
thorities, he  was  both  astouuded  and  discomfited  by  their 
citation  of  its  principles.  The  government  has  founded 
the  University  of  Peking.  There  is  a longing  for  foreign 
science,  so  earnest  that  it  will  suffer  the  leaven  of  Chris- 
tianity that  accompanies,  as  when  the  Viceroy  of  Kiang- 
nan  publishes,  with  his  own  sanction  and  introduction,  a 
translation  of  Euclid,  wherein  the  missionary  translator 
boldly  advocates  the  cause  of  religion  in  the  preface.  A 
man  of  wealth  aud  learning  has  recently  argued,  iu  one 
of  the  Chinese  papers,  in  favor  of  the  missionary  work 
as  a matter  of  policy,  declaring  that  “ the  benefits  which 
we  derive  from  the  teachings  of  the  missionaries  are 
more  than  we  can  enumerate,”  and  that  “ their  influence 
on  our  future  will  be  unbounded.”  The  embassy  of 
Mr.  Burlingame  was  a startling  event  iu  the  drowsy  policy 
of  this  ancient  empire.  A powerful  progressive  party  is 
rising  into  influence  which  may  yet  throw  the  momentum 
of  the  empire  iu  favor  of  Christianity.  For  it  seems  an 
admitted  fact  — reiterated  to  Mr.  Burlingame  by  a mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Affairs  — that  the  intelligent 


16 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


men  of  China  “ put  no  faith  in  the  popular  religions,” 
and  that  a large  part  of  the  people,  notwithstanding  their 
industrious  observances  of  forms,  are  wholly  indifferent 
to  the  principles  of  their  faith.  Thousands  of  copies  of 
the  Bible,  and  other  Christian  books  and  tracts,  have 
been  scattered  among  this  reading  people.  They  begin 
to  ask  for  Christian  books.  Attention  is  turned  to 
Christianity.  Mr.  Lees,  of  the  London  Society,  and 
Mr.  Wiliiamson,  of  the  Scotch  Bible  Society,  in  an  ex- 
tended tour  iu  1866,  fouud  many  who  bought  their  books, 
and  hung  eagerly  on  their  words.  Mr.  Chapin,  in  his 
journeys  in  the  neighborhood  of  Tientsin,  spoke  to  audi- 
ences of  two  or  three  thousand  persons.  Mr.  Williamson, 
of  the  Bible  Society,  after  a two  months’  tour  from 
Peking,  reported  the  people  as  calling  for  the  living 
preacher.  The  very  degradation  of  the  Chinese  women 
may  yet  prodigiously  react  iu  behalf  of  our  religion,  with 
its  elevation  of  the  sex.  The  girls’  schools  are  already 
growing  iu  favor.  Mr.  Williams  writes  from  Peking  that 
they  are  specially  encouraged  by  their  access  to  the 
women,  who  iu  several  families  welcome  their  visits ; 
and  Mr.  Blodget  speaks  of  “boat  loads  of  women” 
coming  iu  from  the  country  towns,  bringing  their  food 
with  them,  to  be  instructed  in  the  gospel.  Mrs.  Gulick, 
on  her  visit  to  Yiicho,  while  talking  to  a room  full  of 
women,  was  accosted  by  one  who  took  her  by  the  hand, 
saying,  “ I believe  iu  Jesus,  and  last  New  Year’s  day 
burned  all  my  idols.”  Others  were  much  moved  ; three 
or  four  offered  simple,  but  earnest  prayers,  declared 
their  faith  in  Jesus,  and  asked  for  baptism. 

Iu  truth,  the  long  dormant  elements  iu  China  are  rous- 
ing to  action.  A period  of  awakening,  and  of  possible 
instruction,  has  come  at  last.  It  is  a time  of  formation 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


17 


and  of  hope.  Everything  is  ready  aud  waiting.  It  is  an 
important  hour  for  that  vast  empire.  Where,  now,  is 
the  solid  phalanx  of  young  Christian  heroes,  wise  with  a 
heavenly  wisdom,  fired  with  a Christ-like  zeal,  and  filled 
with  a largeness  of  heart,  and  a breadth  of  comprehen- 
sion, as  great  as  the  opportunity,  to  cast  themselves  into 
the  breach,  and  win  the  empire  to  Christ?  Where  are 
those  men?  Let  them  now  stand  forth,  unfurl  the  ban- 
ner of  the  cross,  and  call  on  the  churches  to  pour  out 
their  prayers  and  their  money  like  water  for  their  sup- 
port. And  the  churches  dare  not  say  them  nay.  China 
aud  the  world  will  owe  them  the  profoundest  debt  of 
gratitude,  aud  the  Master  will  say,  “ Well  done.”  Has 
there  been  such  an  opportunity  since  the  world  began? 

While  preparing  this  article  for  the  press  the  writer 
has  met  with  a statement  which  casts  new  light  on  the 
prospects  and  condition  of  China,  and  more  than  con- 
firms all  the  foregoing  assertions.  It  shows  how  great  a 
foundation  has  been  laid,  and  how  rapidly  the  work  rolls 
up,  increasing  as  it  goes.  It  shows,  also,  how  firm  a 
hold  the  gospel  can  lay  upon  the  seemingly  wooden  heart 
and  mind  of  the  Chinaman.  It  was  written  by  Rev.  S. 
L.  Baldwin,  a Methodist  Episcopal  missionary,  and  ap- 
peared in  the  Iudepeudent,  December  21, 1871,  in  answer 
to  certain  disparaging  inquiries  of  a contributor.  It  is  a 
pretty  effectual  answer  : — 

“ I.  What  has  been  accomplished  in  China? 

“ Answer.  — Although  the  first  Protestant  missionary 
to  the  Chiuese  landed  at  Cantou  iu  1807,  aud  about  sixty 
missionaries  were  sent  from  Europe  and  America,  be- 
tween 1813  and  1842,  to  China,  aud  to  the  Chinese  set- 
tlements in  Java,  Siarn,  and  the  Straits.,  the  real  era  of 


18 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  SnSSIOXS. 


the  commencement  of  Protestant  missionary  labor  in 
China  is  the  year  1842,  in  which  the  treaty  with  Great 
Britain  was  signed,  which  opened  the  ‘ five  ports  ’ to  the 
commerce  of  the  world.  Our  missionaries  were  then 
permitted  to  enter  at  all  the  open  ports  with  the  word  of 
life.  A long  period  of  preparatory  work  was  then  en- 
tered upon  — breaking  down  the  prejudices  of  a people 
for  centuries  secluded  from  the  rest  of  the  world,  over- 
coming* the  superstitions  of  the  masses,  and  undermining 
their  faith  in  idolatry.  While  this  work  was  going  on  — 
for  ten  or  twelve  years  — there  were  scarcly  any  con- 
verts ; so  that  nearly  all  the  converts  have  been  received 
within  the  last  sixteen  years,  and  by  far  the  larger  part 
of  them  within  the  last  seven  years.  The  following 
table  will  show  the  ratio  of  increase  during  the  last 
eighteen  years : — 

In  1853  the  number  of  native  Christians  was  . . 351 

“ 18C3  “ “ “ “ . . 1,974 

“ 18G4  “ “ “ “ . . 2,607 

“ 1S68  “ “ “ “ . . 5,743 

The  present  number  is  very  nearly 8,000 

“ But  w'e  should  get  a very  inadequate  idea  of  the 
work  done  if  we  were  to  look  only  at  the  number  of 
communicants.  Over  five  huudred  different  books  have 
been  printed  in  the  Chinese  language  by  Protestant  mis- 
sionaries, including  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  commenta- 
ries, theological,  educational,  linguistic,  historical,  geo- 
graphical, mathematical,  astronomical,  and  botanical 
works  — books  ranging  in  size  and  importance  from  the 
child’s  primer  to  Dr.  Martin’s  translation  of  * Wheaton’s 
International  Law,’  Dr.  Hobson’s  medical  and  physio- 
logical works,  and  Mr.  Wylie’s  translations  of  ‘ Euclid’s 
Geometry  ’ and  ‘ Herschell’s  Astronomy.’ 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


19 


“ Besides,  the  vast  advance  made  in  eradicating  the 
prejudices  of  the  people,  securing  their  confidence,  and 
gaining  entrance  into  the  interior,  is  to  be  taken  into  the 
account.  The  fact  that  fifty  thousand  native  patients 
are  annually  treated  in  Protestant  missionary  hospitals 
is  also  full  of  significance.  It  is  a common  thing  for  us 
to  meet  with  people  now  who  say  that  for  eight,  nr  Lea, 
or  more  years  they  have  not  worshiped  idols  ; that  they 
were  convinced  by  preaching  that  they  heard,  or  books 
that  they  received,  so  long  ago,  that  idolatry  was  wrong, 
and  had  given  it  up.  We  find  them  now,  in  iuterior 
cities  and  villages,  ready  to  become  adherents  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ. 

“ II.  What  are  our  prospects  for  the  future? 

“ Answer.  — Rev.  M.  J.  Knowlton,  of  Ningpo,  calls 
attention  to  the  fact  that  of  late  the  number  of  out- 
stations,  of  native  preachers,  and  of  converts  has  doubled 
once  in  a period  of  a little  over  three  years,  and  that  we 
may  reasonably  expect  that  by  the  year  1900  the  native 
Christians  will  number  over  two  millions.  Bishop 
Kingsley,  in  addressing  the  native  Methodist  preachers 
at  Foochow,  in  18G9,  reminded  them  that  there  were 
more  Methodists  then  in  Foochow  than  there  were  in 
America  a hundred  years  before.  Let  this  fact  be  borne 
in  mind,  namely,  that,  although  the  Chinese  move  slowly, 
when  they  begin  to  move  they  move  in  masses,  and  there 
is  no  reason  why  this  rule  may  not  operate  to  the  advan- 
tage of  Christianity.  In  the  Foochow  mission  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  we  had  last  year  nine  hun- 
dred and  thirty-one  members,  and  nine  hundred  and 
sixty-nine  probationers,  showing  the  work  of  the  year 
preceding  to  have  equaled,  in  the  number  of  converts,  all 
the  years  of  the  mission’s  history  that  had  gone  before. 


20 


SKETCHES  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


Such  facts  as  these  will  have  weight  with  all  thiukiug 
minds. 

“ III.  What  is  the  character  of  Chinese  converts? 

“ Answer.  — As  among  converts  at  home,  there  is 
every  variety  of  character  among  them  ; but  in  general 
they  are  faithful,  earnest,  devoted  men.  The  difference 
between  them  and  their  Pagan  neighbors  is  marked. 
The  Pagan  neighbor  is  dirty.  The  Christian  is  clean. 
The  Pagan  lies,  and  delights  in  lying.  The  Christiau 
becomes  truthful.  The  Pagan  treats  his  wife  as  a slave. 
The  Christian  treats  her  as  an  immortal  being.  The 
Pagan  regards  the  birth  of  a daughter  as  a calamity. 
The  Christian  welcomes  the  little  girl,  gives  her  to  God 
in  baptism,  and  tries  to  prepare  her  for  a useful  life. 

“One  of  our  native  Christians  at  Foochow  wrent  on 
Saturday  to  an  American  mercantile  house  with  samples 
of  tea.  The  agent  in  charge  said,  ‘ Come  to-morrow.’ 
The  native  replied,  ‘ To-morrow  is  Sunday,  and  I never 
transact  business  on  God’s  day ! ’ (Some  incidents  of 
this  kind  may  go  far  to  account  for  the  asserted  fact  that 
‘ merchants  do  not  expect  great  things  from  the  mission- 
aries.’) 

“ When  Li  Cha  Mi,  a few  weeks  ago,  was  stoned  by 
persecutors  until  he  was  nearly  dead,  and  afterward,  in 
attempting  to  elude  his  pursuers,  fell  over  a precipice 
twenty  feet  high,  while  he  was  falling  he  prayed,  ‘ Lord, 
have  mercy  upon  them,  and  forgive  them.’ 

“ After  Ling  Chiug  Ting  had  beeu  beaten  with  two 

o o o 

thousand  stripes,  as  soon  as  he  was  able  to  move  he  re- 
turned to  the  place  where  he  had  been  beaten,  aud 
preached  the  gospel  so  faithfully  that  some  of  the  very 
men  who  brought  that  trial  upon  him  were  converted. 

“ When  Hii  Yong  Mi  was  driven  from  his  home  by  a 


MISSIONS  IN  CHINA. 


21 


mob,  and  his  wife  cruelly  outraged,  they  both  held  stead- 
fast to  their  faith  in  Christ,  emulating  the  spirit  of  Job  : 
‘ Though  he  slay  me,  yet  will  I trust  in  him.’ 

“ When  old  Father  Ling,  at  Ku-cheng,  was  told  by 
heathen  friends,  ‘ You  must  not  try  to  give  up  opium 
smoking  now  after  forty  years’  practice ; it  will  kill 
you  ; ’ his  reply  was,  ‘ I belong  to  Jesus.  I have  prom- 
ised to  give  up  every  sin.  I would  rather  die  trying  to 
conquer  this  sin  than  live  an  opium  smoker.’ 

“ I speak  only  of  men  I have  personally  known,  whose 
Christian  character  commands  my  admiration,  and  whose 
Christian  lives  are  evidence  of  the  genuineness  of  their 
profession.” 


MISSIONARIES,  1S72 


Foochow  Mission. 


Missionaries.  Went  out 

Rev.  L.  B.  Peet, 18 39 . . . 

Mrs.  H.  L.  Peet, 185S. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Baldwin, 1847.  . . 

Mrs.  Harriet  F.  Baldwin,  . . . 1847. 

Rev.  Charles  Hartwell,  ....  1852.  . . 
Mrs.  Lucy  E.  Hartwell,  ....  1S52. 

Rev.  Simeon  F.  Woodin,  . . . 1859.  . . 
Mrs.  Sarah  L.  Woodin,  ....  1859. 

Miss  Adelia  M.  Payson,  ....  1868.  . . 

D.  W.  Osgood,  M.  D., 1869.  . . 

Mrs.  Helen  W.  Osgood,  ....  1869. 

Mission  to  North  China, 

Rev.  Henry  Blodget, 1854.  . . 

Mrs.  Sarah  F.  R.  Blodget,  . . . 1854. 

Rev.  C.  A.  Stanley, 1862  . . 

Mrs.  Ursula  Stanley, 1862. 

Rev.  Lyman  D.  Chapin,  ....  1862.  . . 
Mrs.  Clara  L.  Chapin,  ....  1852. 

Rev.  Chauncey  Goodrich,  . . . 1865.  . . 
Mrs.  Abbie  A.  Goodrich,  . . . 1865. 

Rev.  John  T.  Gulick, 1864.  . . 

Mrs.  Emily  Gulick, 1864. 

Rev.  Mark  Williams, 1866.  . . 

Mrs.  Isabella  B.  Williams,  . . . 1866. 
Alfred  O.  Treat,  M.  D.,  ....  1867.  . . 

Phineas  R.  Hunt, - 1868.  . . 

Mrs.  Abigail  N.  Hunt,  ....  1868. 

Miss  M.  E.  Andrews, 1868.  . . 

Miss  Mary  II.  Porter,  .....  1868.  . . 
Rev.  Thomas  W.  Thompson,  . 1S6S.  . . 
Rev.  Chester  Holcombe,  . , . 1869,  . . 
Mrs.  Olive  K.  Holcombe,  . . . 1869. 

Rev.  Devello  Z-  Sheffield,  . . . 1S69,  . . 
Mrs.  Eleanor  W.  Sheffield,  . . 1869. 

Miss  Mary  A-  Thompson,  . . . 1S69.  . . 

Miss  Naomi  Diament 1S70.  . . 

Rev.  Isaac  Pierson, 1870.  . . 

M»ss  Jennie  E- Chapin,  ....  1871.  . . 


Station. 

Nantai. 

Nantai. 

Foochow. 

Foochow. 

Nantai. 

Foochow. 

Peking. 

Tientsin. 

Tungcho. 

YQ-cho. 

Kalgan. 

Kalgan. 

Ytl-cho. 

Peking. 

Tungcho. 

Peking. 

Kalgan. 

Peking. 

Tungcho. 

Peking. 

Kalgan. 

Yu-cho. 

Tungcho. 


Stations  and  Laborers, 


STATISTICS 


OF  THE 

MISSIONS  OF  THE  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 


(These  statistics  are  mostly  from  returns  made  by  the  missions  in  the  year  1871.) 


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Missions. 

Zulus.  • . . . 

European  Turkey. 
Western  Turkey.  . 
Central  Turkey.  > 
Eastern  Turkey.  . 
Mahrattas.  . . . 

Madura 

Ceylon 

Foochow.  . . . 

North  China.  . .. 

Micronesia.  . . 

Japan.  .... 

Spain 

Dakotas.  . . . 

Totals.  . . . 

23 


* American. 

t Hawaian  missionaries,  with  the  exception  of  one  pastor. 


Churches  and  Schools. 


24 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  MISSIONS. 


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Churches  and  Schools. 

Zulus 

European  Turkey. 
Western  Turkey.  . 
Central  Turkey.  . 
Eastern  Turkey.  . 
Mahrattas.  . . . 

Madura 

Ceylon 

Foochow.  . . . 

North  China.  . . 

Micronesia.  ( . 

Japan 

Spain 

Dakotas.*  . . . 

Totals.  . . . 

Pupils  and  common  schools  not  reported. 


THE  MISSIONARY  HERALD; 

A Monthly  Magazine  of  32  pages  octavo ; the  organ  of  the 
American  Board.  Price,  $1.00  a year.  Orders  for  this  publica- 
tion should  be  addressed, — 

Mr.  CHARLES  HUTCHINS, 
Missionary  House,  33  Pemberton  Square,  Boston. 

LIFE  AND  LIGHT  FOE  HEATHEN  WOMEN; 

A Quarterly  Magazine,  published  by  the  Woman’s  Board  of 
Missions.  Price  50  cents  a year.  Letters  relating  to  this  should 
be  addressed, — 

SECRETARY  WOMAN’S  BOARD  OF  MISSIONS, 

Missionary  House,  33  Pemberton  Square,  Boston. 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  Corresponding  Secretaries  of  the  Board  are  Rev.  Selah  B. 
Treat  and  Rev.  N.  G.  Clark.  Letters  relating  to  the  Missions 
and  General  Concerns  of  the  Board,  may  be  addressed 

SECRETARIES  OF  THE  A.  B.  C.  F.  M., 

Missionary  House,  33  Pemberton  Square,  Boston. 

Donations  and  letters  relating  to  the  Pecuniary  Concerns  of 
the  Board,  (except  letters  on  the  subject  of  the  Missionary 
Herald,)  should  be  addressed 

LANGDON  S.  WARD,  Treasurer  of  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M. 

Missionary  House,  33  Pemberton  Square,  Boston. 

Letters  for  the  Secretaries  of  the  Woman’s  Board  may  be 
addressed 

SECRETARY  WOMAN’S  BOARD  OF  MISSIONS, 
Missionary  House,  33  Pemberton  Square,  Boston. 

Letters  for  the  Treasurer  of  the  Woman’s  Board  should  be 
addressed 

Mrs.  HOMER  BARTLETT,  25  Marlboro’  Street,  Boston. 


Books  Concerning  Missions  and  Missionaries. 


The  following  Books,  many  of  them  suitable  for  Sunday  School  Libraries, 
may  be  obtained  by  mail,  postage  paid,  through  the  Office  of  the  Missionary 
Herald. 


Memorial  Volume  of  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  by 

Dr.  Anderson $1  25 

Life  in  India.  By  Caleb  Wright,  A.  M.  1 75 
Foreign  Missions.  By  Rufus  Anderson, 

D.  D.,  LL.  D 1 25 

History  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  Mission 

(a  new  book).  By  Dr.  Anderson.  . . 1 50 
History  of  the  Missions  to  the  Oriental 
Churches.  Vol.  1.  New.  By  Dr. 

Anderson I 50 

Woman  and  her  Saviour  in  Persia.  By 

Rev.  T.  Laurie,  D.  D 1 25 

Dr.  Grant  and  the  Mountain  Nestorians. 

By  Rev.  T.  Laurie,  D.  D 1 75 

The  Karen  Apostle:  Memoir  of  Ko- 
Thah-Byu,  the  first  Karen  Convert,  . . 40 

Memoir  of  Mrs.  Ann  H.  Judson,  Mis- 
sionary to  Burmah, 1 00 

Zulu  Land.  By  Rev.  Lewis  Grout.  . . 2 00 
Five  Years  in  China;  or,  Life  of  Rev. 

William  Aitchison 1 25 

Tennessean  in  Persia 1 75 

Memoir  of  Mrs.  Van  Lennep 1 50 

Memoir  of  Dr.  Lobdell I 50 

The  Persian  Flower;  a Memoir  of  Judith 

G.  Perkins 75 

Ten  Years  on  the  Euphrates.  By  Rev. 

C.  H.  Wheeler 1 25 

Letters  from  Eden.  By  Rev.  C.  II. 

Wheeler 1 50 

Missions  and  Martyrs  in  Madagascar.  . . 80 

Glimpses  of  West  Africa 90 

The  Gospel  among  the  Caffres 85 

Missionary  Life  in  Persia 80 

Scenes  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands 1 25 

Missionary  Sisters 1 25 

The  Morning  Star 1 00 

Rev.  David  T.  Stoddard I 50 

The  Missionary  Patriots.  By  Rev.  I.  N. 

Tarbox,  D.  D 1 25 

Life  Scenes  among  the  Mountains  of  Ar- 
arat. By  Rev.  M.  P.  Parmelee.  . . . 1 25 
Faith  Working  by  Love;  Memoir  of  Miss 

Fiske 1 75 

Tali-koo  Wab-kan;  or,  the  Gospel  among 
the  Dakotas.  Bv  Stephen  R.  Riggs, 

A.  M 1 50 

The  Martyr  Church  of  Madagascar. . . . 2 00 
Memoir  of  Mrs.  S.  B.  Judson.  By  Mrs. 

E.  C.  Judson 1 00 


i Life  and  Letters  of  Rev.  David  C.  Scud- 

der 2 00 

Light  on  the  Dark  River 1 50 

Our  Life  in  China.  By  Mrs.  Nevius. . . 1 50 

Africa’s  Mountain  Valley 75 

I Daughters  of  China 90 

Memoir  of  Henry  Lyman 1 50 

The  Weaver  Boy  who  became  a Mission- 
ary (Dr.  Livingstone) 1 25 

The  Land  and  the  Book.  By  Dr.  Thom- 
son  5 00 

Western  Africa.  By  Rev.  J.  L.  Wilson  . 1 50 

| Social  Life  of  the  Chinese.  By  Rev.  J. 

Doolittle 5 00 

China  and  the  Chinese.  By  Dr.  Nevius.  1 75 

South  Africa,  Missionary  Travels  and 
Researches  in.  By  Rev.  D.  Livingston, 

LL.  D.  Portrait  and  Map 5 00 

Island— World  of  the  Pacific.  By  Rev.  H. 

T.  Cheever 1 50 


Three  Visits  to  Madagascar.  By  Rev. 


William  Ellis 3 50 

The  Middle  Kingdom.  By  S.  Wells  Wil- 
liams, LL.  D 4 00 

Memoir  of  Mrs.  Sarah  L.  H.  Smith.  . . 70 

Life  of  David  Brainerd GO 

Memoir  of  Mrs.  H.  L.  Winslow 60 

Memoir  of  Rev.  Dr.  Buchanan GO 

Life  of  Martyn 60 

Dibble’s  Thoughts  on  Missions 35 

The  Cinnamon  Isle  Boy 50 

The  Missionary’s  Daughter 40 

Tales  about  the  Heathen 40 

Memoir  of  Henry  Obookiah.  ......  30 

Lizzie  G.  Calderwood 20 

Glimpses  of  Life  in  Africa 2o 

The  Missionary’s  Mother 20 

Bartimeus.  . 15 

Strangers  in  Greenland 35 

The  Night  of  Toil 40 

Scuddcr'8  Redeemer’s  Last  Command.  . 20 

The  White  Foreigners  from  over  the 

Water. 1 00 

Ivardoe;  or,  The  Hindoo  Girl 75 

Twelve  Years  with  the  Children.  By 
Rev.  William  Warren,  D.  D 1 25 


These  for  Those;  Our  Indebtedness  to 
Missions;  or,  What  we  Get  for  what 
we  Give.  By  Rev.  W.  Warren,  D.  D.  1 5o 


